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Apple picking
Apple picking is an activity found farms. Apple orchards
may be opened to the public, allowing consumers to pick their own apples or
purchase pre-picked apple
Although this is ultimately a method of purchasing apples, it is
often a social activity as well. Apple picking is often a very popular
ritual in the . Apple orchards catering to a family outing will provide
additional activities beyond the picking of apples. Many
have and country shops that sell related products such as
home-made jams and jellies. This aspect of the activity is especially popular
in thet
s & and
in
The apples that fall off the trees are often used to make apple cider.
Apple cider is a juice made grinding the apples, then pressing out the juice.
Workers
Most fruit picking is done by who can be paid
relatively In California, Mexican migrants are most frequently doing the
work There has been much controversy about replacing workers with
automation. It puts many out of work.
In Australia and New Zealand a lot of fruit picking work is done
by on a The Australian government encourages people on this
visa to do this sort of work for a minimum of three months so they can add
another year to their visa. This benefit is not for all parts of Australia, you
must undertake work in selected post codes to be eligible for the extra year.
Automation
As labor costs are still quite expensive in fruit picking,
are being designed that for this kind of work. The research is still in full
progress, especially as the robots need to be carefully designed so that they
do not bruise the fruit while picki] One
solution is the use of suction grippers[
Citrus fruit robot pickers have thus far been the focus of research and
development, but cherry pickers are also being researched[
Working
conditions and workplace issues
For
most agricultural workers, much work is outdoors and may involve extremes of
weather. Crop harvesting may require bending and crouching. Because machinery
and animals can cause injury, workers must take precautions and be alert.
Although crop workers may risk exposure to pesticides, exposure can be minimal
if appropriate safety precautions are followed.
Heat
stress is a serious concern. Among US farmworkers involved with crops, the
heat-related average death rate over a 15-year period was 0.39 per 100,000
workers. The Centers for Disease Control has recommended: "Agricultural
employers should develop and implement heat stress management measures that
include 1) training for field supervisors and employees to prevent, recognize,
and treat heat illness, 2) implementing a heat acclimatization program, 3)
encouraging proper hydration with proper amounts and types of fluids, 4)
establishing work/rest schedules appropriate for the current heat indices, 5)
ensuring access to shade or cooling areas, 6) monitoring the environment and
workers during hot conditions, and 7) providing prompt medical attention to
workers who show signs of heat illness. Potential health and safety issues that
may be associated with farm work also include vehicle rollovers, falls,
musculoskeletal injuries, hazardous equipment, grain bins, pesticides,
unsanitary conditions, and respiratory disease among othersIn 1998-99, 468
individuals employed in agriculture were identified with acute occupational
pesticide-related illness in six states participating in the SENSOR program
(AZ, CA, FL, NY, OR, TX), which include states where large numbers of crop
farmworkers are employed.
This compared with 441 individuals employed in
non-agricultural occupations who were identified with acute occupational
pesticide-related illness in those state The US Environmental Protection
Agency’s Worker Safety Program provides educational materials facilitating
implementation of the Agricultural Worker Protection Standard established under
federal regulation In 2009-2010, NAWS (the National Agricultural Workers
Survey, conducted under the US Bureau of Labor Statistics) found that 84 percent
of workers received training in safe use of pesticides within the past 12
months from their current employers.
NAWS
found that "Almost all farm workers reported that their current farm
employer made drinking water, toilets and washing water available on a daily
basis. Of the small percentage of farm workers who reported not using the
employer-provided toilets on a daily basis (3% in 1999-2000), three-fourths
indicated that the bathroom was 'too far away' to use
The
survey asked: If you are injured at work or get sick as a result of your work,
does your employer provide health insurance or pay for your health care? In
2009-2010, 74 percent of survey farmworkers answered yes, 15 percent did not
know. In 2007-2008, 60 percent of farmworkers considered it "easy" to
get access to US health care.
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