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The Deepwater Horizon oil spill (also referred to as the BP
oil spill, the BP oil disaster, the Gulf of Mexico oil spill, and the Macondo
blowout) is an industrial disaster that began on 20 April 2010, in the Gulf of
Mexico on the BP-operated Macondo Prospect, considered to be the largest marine
oil spill in the history of the petroleum industry and estimated to be 8% to
31% larger in volume than the previous largest, the Ixtoc I oil spill. The U.S.
government estimated the total discharge at 4.9 million barrels (210 million US
gal; 780,000 m3).After several failed efforts to contain the flow, the well was
declared sealed on 19 September 2010. Reports in early 2012 indicated that the
well site was still leaking.
from the spill developed deformities of the heart and other
organs that would be expected to be fatal or at least life-shortening and
another study found that cardiotoxicity might have been widespread in animal
life exposed to the spill.
Numerous investigations explored the causes of the explosion
and record-setting spill. The U.S. government September 2011 report pointed to
defective cement on the well, faulting mostly BP, but also rig operator
Transocean and contractor Halliburton. Earlier in 2011, a White House
commission likewise blamed BP and its partners for a series of cost-cutting
decisions and an inadequate safety uncertainty,[3] including
oil that was collected making it the world’s largest accidental spill. BP
challenged the higher figure, saying that the government overestimated the
volume.
Internal emails released in 2013 showed that one BP employee had
estimates that matched those of the FRTG, and shared the data with supervisors,
but BP continued with their lower number. The company argued that government
figures do not reflect over 810,000 barrels (34 million US gal; 129,000 m3) of
oil that was collected or burned before it could enter the Gulf waters
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